Header control for combines



March 10, 1953 N. R. KRAUSE HEADER CONTROL FOR COMBINES 2 SHEETS-SHEET lVFiled. April 15, 1948 5y JOM,

March l0, 1953 N. R. KRAusE 2,630,567

1 HEADER CONTROL FOR COMBINES 4 Filed Apri1\ 15, 194s l 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2/zve/zzor: War/12cm P. Zmase Patented Mar. 10, 1953 HEADER CONTROL FORCOMBINES Norman R. Krause, Racine, Wis., assignor to J. I. Case Company,Racine, Wls., a corporatlon of Wisconsin Application April 15, 1948,Serial N0. 21,116

11 Claims.

The present invention relates generally to combinationharvester-threshers or combines and to like apparatus having adjustablecrop gathering headers. In particular the invention relates to a controlfor such headers, the control being operable to adjustably position theheader relative to the ground.

When harvesting grain and other crop materials with a combine, it isimportant that the crop be processed at maturity and under definiteconditions of moisture content, both in the straw and in the grain.These optimum conditions usually exist for only a few days, and innormal combine operation it thus becomes necessary to harvestsubstantial areas in short periods of time in order to obtain grain ofthe highest quality. Desirably, therefore, the combine should be capableof operation at maximum speed and maximum eiiiciency at all times.

Generally speaking, the speed of operation of combines and likeapparatus depends to a very large extent upon the amount of straw whichis cut with the grain. Severing the stalks of grain close to the grainhead increases the speed of operation, because when the stalks are sosevered, the harvester handles a minimum volume of straw for a givenamount of grain, most of the straw remaining in the eld and the materialgoing to the threshing mechanisrnbeing substantially all grain. However,due to variations in moisture and soil conditions, the grain in a givenfield grows at varying heights, and in order to cut the grain heads witha minimum of straw, it is necessary for the combine operator tocontinuously adjust the height of the cutter bar which forms a part ofthe header.

The principal object of the present invention, therefore, is theprovision of an improved, easily operated header control for rapidly andaccurately adjusting the height of headers for combines and likeapparatus, so as to make possible more efficient combine operation andhigher combine speeds. As will hereinafter appear, this object isaccomplished by the provision of means for locking the header in aselected position, power operated means for accomplishing easy andrapid, step-free adjustment of the height of the .header and the cutterbar, and means for operating the locking and height adjusting means froma position remote from the header. Other objects and various furtheradvantages of the vinvention will be made apparent by reference tothefollowing description and the accompanying drawings of anillustrative embodiment thereof.

y In the drawings:

Fig. i is a fragmentary, elevational view of a combine having a headercontrol in accordance 'header control illustrated in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 3--3 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view, partially in section, showing a resilientlock mechanism provided for maintaining the header in a predeterminedposition;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line '5-5 in Fig. fl; and

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line S-t in Fig. 2.

As is well known, combines are of two general types; the self-propelledtype, which is adapted to move about the field under its own power, andthe pull-type, which is moved about a field by a, draft vehicle, such asa tractor or the like. The improved header control of the presentinvention is adapted for use with either type combine, but since thepull type is more commonly used, the header control is illustrated incombination with a harvester of that type. The illustrated combineincludes a main frame Il, a crop gathering header i3 hingedly supportedon the forward end of the frame Il, and a threshing cylinder, with theusual grain cleaning and straw separating mechanisms, supported within ahousing I5 on the frame ii. Conventional, spaced-apart, support wheelsI'I are journalled on the frame Il so that the implement may be movedabout a field during use.

The main frame H is fabricated from. suitable structural members toprovide a rigid supporting structure for the mechanism, and includes apair of horizontally disposed, longitudinally extending channel membersI9 which extend forwardly to form a V-shaped drawbar 19a. ofconventional design by which the harvester may be drawn about a iield. Asuitable hitch plate 2l (Fig. 1) is attached to the forward or apex endof the drawbar lila and that plate is adapted to be connected to thedraft bar 23 of the associated tractor T by a hitch pin 25.

The header I3 is adapted to sever the stalks of standing grain andtoconvey these cut stalks to the threshing mechanism located within thehousing i5. The header I3 includes a sub-frame 21, which is adapted tosupport a grain pan 28 and the various crop conveying elements, and acutter bar 29 which is disposed along the forward edge of the sub-frame21 to engage the standing crop. A suitable reel 3l] for guiding the cropmaterials is supported by a pair of brackets 3i mounted on the forwardportion of the header sub-frame 2. In the embodiment of the inventionillustrated, a transversely extending auger 32 is utilized to move thegrain cut by the cutter bar 29 along the grain pan 28, but any of theknown crop conveyors could be used, as for example a transverselyextending draper or a raddle type conveyor. The cut crop is conveyedfrom the grain pan 28 to the threshing mechanism by a belt or raddletype elevator conveyor 33.

As before pointed out, the header I3 is hingedly connected to the mainframe II so that the height of the cutter bar 29 can be adjustedrelative to the ground. The hinge connection includes a pair ofsupporting, bearingy brackets 95 on the main frame (Figs. 1 and 3), anda horizontally disposed, transversely extending, shaft 31 which engagesthe bearing brackets to support the header sub-frame 21.

The header control, which positions the header sub-frame 21 and thecutter bar`29 relative to the main frame of the harvester, includes anadjusting linkage 39, which is disposed between the main frame H and theheader subframe 21, power-operated means 4| for elfecting the movementof the adjusting linkage, and a locking means 43 for resilientlymaintaining the header in a predetermined position, while permittingoating action which absorbs shocks caused by operating the harvester ina rough field. The adjusting linkage 39 includes a transverselyextending, tubular rock shaft 45. One end of the rock shaft 45 isjournalled in a suitable bearing 46 on a section 41 of the main frameand the other end of the rock shaft 45 is journalled in a bearing 48which is supported on a bracket 49 attached to one of the channelmembers I9 constituting the drawbar A pair of aligning, pivot brackets53 are fastened to the two sides of the header subframe 21, and each ofthese brackets is connected to the rock shaft 45 by a two element,adjustable linkage and a pair of horizontally extending pivot pins 55and 56. Each of the adjustable linkages includes a header supporting arm51 which is welded to the rock shaft 45 and a link 58 having a pluralityof spaced adjusting holes 59 provided in one end thereof. Each of thearms 51 is connected to the associated link 59 by one of the pins 56,and the spaced holes 59 provide several ranges of adjustment for theheader. The other end of each of the links 50 is connected to one of thebrackets 53 by one of the pins 55. The rock shaft 45 is `connected to apower-operated, adjusting means 4| by a rigid control-arm 6| which iswelded. or otherwise secured, to one end of the rock shaftk45.

The power-operated control means 4|, in the illustrated embodiment ofthe invention, is a hydraulic ram 63 of any suitable design and includesthe usual cylinder 65 and piston 61. An outer shell 69 and a dust seal1| are provided around the ram cylinder 63 to keep it free from foreignparticles. The outer shell 69 has a closed end which is rigidly fastenedto the piston rod 61 of the ram 63 and which is provided with aconnecting lug 13. A clevis 15 is attached to the upper end of thecontrol arm 6I, and this clevis lis pivotally connected to the lug 13 onthe ram shell 69 by means of a transversely disposed pivot 11, or thelike. The closed end of the ram cylinder 65 is hingedly connected to astationary bracket 19 on the main frame I I by means of a pin 8|. Theram structure in the implement is connected to a hydraulic pump 85 onthe tractor T by means of a flexible hose or conduit 63 which may becapable of a slight expansion when it is stressed under additionalpressure. The hydraulic pump 85 is controlled by the usual lever 81,which may be located adjacent the operators position on the tractor T.The op 1;

or lower the header I3 by merely actuating the convenient ram-controllever 81.

In order to limit the downward movement of the header I3, a stop 89 islocated on the frame of the implement below the outer shell 69 of theram 63. The stop 89 includes an adjustable stop plate 9| (Fig. 2) whichmay be locked in position by a bolt 93. The lowermost position of theheader is determined by the position of the stop plate .9| and by thelocation of the pivot pin 56 along the link 59. Thus by proper locationof the pivot pin 56 in one of the holes 59, and by the proper adjustmentof the stop plate 9|, the minimum height of the header can be variedbetween fairly wide limits.

The locking meansA 4 3 for resiliently maintaining the header I3 in thedesired position includes a forwardly extending tie rod 99, aresilientconnection between the rear end of the tie rod 99 and thecontrol arm 6| (which is integrally connected to the rock shaft 45) anda cam lock 43 operable from the operators position on the tractor T.'Ihe resilient connection between the tie rod 99 and the control arm 6|comprises an elongated, U-shaped member 95, whose closed inner end isarranged to slide on the tie rod 99 and whose open ends straddle and areattached to the upper end of the control arm 6| by means of a pivot pin91. The rearward end of the rod 99 is threaded to receive a locking nut|0| (Fig. 2). A guide plate |02, which slidably engages the U-shapedmember 95, is slidably mounted on the rearward end of the rod 99 and acompression spring |03 is disposed about the rod and acts between theguide plate |03 and the closed end of the U-shaped member to provide aresilient shock absorbing connection (Figs. 2 and 6). A stop collar |05is attached to the rod 99 forwardly of the U-shaped member 95 by meansof a pin |06, and the spring |03 is stressed sufficiently, by tighteningthe nut |0I, that the weight of the header may be supported thereon withonlyA a slight additional compression of the spring. The stop collar |05limits rearward movement of the rod 99 under the biasing action of thespring |03, and when lthe full weight of the header is not acting uponthe compression spring |03, `the closed end of Vthe U-shaped member 95abuts the adjacent surface of the stop collar |05.

The forward end of the tie rod 99 may be held rigidly in any selectedposition by means of the cam lock 43 which includes a cam |01 and a seatblock |09 (Figs. 4 and 5). The cam |01 is keyed, or otherwise attached,'toa stub shaft which is journalled in a channel shaped bracket I3, thebracket 3 being bolted to the drawbar |9a. The seat block |09 isrectangular in cross section and is attached to a hinge pin H5 which isrotatably vsupported in the bracket ||3 below the cam |01.

The relative positions of the cam |01 and the seat block |09 are suchthat the tie rod 99 is forced against the upper surface of the seatblock |99 when the cam |01 is rotated about its shaft III. The peripheryof the cam |01 has a concave groove |08 extending therearound and theupper surface of the seat block |09 is provided with a similarly shapedlongitudinally extending groove ||0 (Fig. 5|). The grooves |09 and ||0are adapted to extend around a portion of the tie rod 99 so as to guidethe rod 99 and to increase the area of contact between the tie rod 99and the seat block |09. Thus adequate frictional forces bebetween theseat block |99 and the rod 99 can be maintained by.a.relativelysmallmovernent of the cam |01.

A locking lever Ill, for actuating the cam lock" 43, is rigidly affixedto one of the outer ends of the stub shaft Il l, and extends in aforwardly direction to a position within easy reach of the operator ofthe tractor. The stub shaft lll is provided with a compression typespring H9, which holds the contacting surfaces of the bracket H3 and thelocking lever ill in frictional engagement with each other. The frictioncreated between these surfaces by the spring H9 is sufficient to holdthe lever lll in any desired position when the tie rod 99 is not lockedin place.

Movement of the header I3 in a downward direction tends to rotate theheader positioning or control arm 6l in a clockwise direction, asindicated by the arrow l2! in Fig. 2, and when the cam lock has beenset, this movement is resisted by the tie rod 99, which is mechanicallyconnected to the arm 6! through the spring 5&3, as above described. Thearrangement of the parts of the cam lock is such that any abnormalrearward force exerted on the tie rod t9, for example as a result of theheader striking an obstruction, will cause the locking cam Iiil torotate tc more tightly engage the tie rod Qt. The spring itil acts as ashoclr absorber between the arm Si and the locking means 43, and if thepressure within the hydraulic `cylinder is reduced, the header will bemaintained in its selected position by the resiliency of the spring IG3.

During operation, when it is desired to raise the header, it isnecessary merely to move the hydraulic pump control lever 8'! to theoperative position, thereby causing the ram $3 to lengthen and actuatethe header positioning and adjusting linkage 39. At the same time theoperator should release the cam lock 43 by moving the locking lever lllrearwardly, but if he should forget to do this the forward movement ofthe -tie rod d@ will rotate the cam lill a sufficient amount to releasethe lock automatically and allow the tie rod 99 to move freely throughthe cam lock 43. When the desired height is reached the operator returnsthe hydraulic pump control lever 81 to the neutral position andre-engages the cam lock against the tie rod Q9. When it is desired tolower the header, the operator releases the cam lock 43 and moves thehydraulic pump control lever Bl to decrease the iiuid pressure in thesystem. When the desired header height is reached. the cam lock 43 isreset and the hydraulic lpump control lever 3'! is returned to theneutral position, whereupon the apparatus will be in the normaloperating condition.

Combines equipped with header adjusting means as described in theforegoing can be operated at much higher speeds and at correspondinglyhigher efficiencies than the structures heretofore known in the art.This results primarily from the fact that the height of the header is atall times under the complete and convenient control of the combineoperator. The arrangement of the structure of the invention is such thatit is a very simple matter to raise or lower the header as the height ofthe grain variesdurihg` the harvesting operation. Instead of setting theheader sufficiently low to cut all of the grain which will beencountered in any given section of the field, the operator may -watchthe grain as the harvesting operation proceeds, and may continuouslyadjust the header to take advantage of the increased speed of operationwhich results from minimum straw intake. Actually, the adjustment of theheight of the header requires little more than an occasional movement ofthe cam locking lever, accompanied by operation of the hydraulicmechanism.

In addition to providing an improved control structure, apparatus inaccordance with the invention provides an independent, positive, headerlocking means whenever the power operated actuating means isdisconnected. Under such circumstances the locking means will maintainthe header in the desired elevated position so that the operator willhave proper working access to the cutting mechanism and the othermechanical elements.

The arrangement of the header control is such that it can beconveniently adapted for use with the hydraulic systems commonlyemployed in farm implements, and in addition, it is simple, relativelyinexpensive to construct, and easy to maintain. The control has beenillustrated in conjunction with a pull-type combine, but it will beunderstood that controls in accordance with the invention can be readilyembodied into selfpropelled combines and other similar implements.

Various of the features of the invention believed to be new are setforth in the appended claims.

I claim:

l. In apparatus of the class described which is adapted to be movedabout a field, a main frame, a crop gathering header hingedly supportedon said main frame for movement in a generally vertical direction, poweroperated means for moving said header relative to said frame, said meansincluding a rock shaft journalled for rotation on said main frame andextending transversely of the line of movement of said apparatusu meansoperatively connecting said rock shaft and said header wherebyrotational movement of said rock shaft effects vertical movement of saidheader, a control arm attached at one end to said rock shaft forrotation therewith, power means operatively connected to the other endof said control arm for effecting the rotation of said rock shaft, andmeans for locking said header in a selected position, said locking meansincluding a tie rod which extends from a point adjacent said rock shaftto a point remote therefrom, means for operatively connecting said rockshaft to the adjacent end of said tie rod, and means for releasablyengaging the other end of said tie rod with said frame, said engagingmeans including a locking cam located on said frame and means which isoperable to move said cam into engagement against said rod.

2. In apparatus of the class described, a main frame, a crop gatheringheader, means for hingedly supporting said header on said main frame topermit movement of said header in a generally vertical direction, poweroperated means for moving said header relative to said frame, said meansfor moving said header including a rock shaft journalled for rotation onsaid main frame, said rock shaft being generally parallel to the axis ofsaid hinged header support, means operatively connecting said roclrshaft and said header whereby rotational movement of said rock shafteffects vertical movement of said header, a radially extending controlarm attached at one end to said rock shaft for rotation therewith, powermeans operatively connected to the other end of said control arm foreffecting the rotation of said rock shaft, and means for locking saidheader in a selected position, said locking means including a tie rodwhich extends from a point adjacent said rock shaft to a point remotetherefrom., means for connecting one end of said tie rod to said controlarm to yieldingly resist downward movement of said header relative tosaid main frame, and means for releasably engaging the other end of saidtie rod to said frame, said engaging means including a locking cam and aseat block, means for attaching said cam and said block to said frame,and means operable to move said cam whereby said tie rod is releasablyengaged between said cam and said seat block.

3. In apparatus of the class described, a main frame, a crop gatheringheader hingedly supported on said main frame for movement in a generallyvertical direction, power operated means for moving said header relativeto said frame, said means including a rock shaft journalled on said mainframe, means operatively connecting said rock shaft and said headerwhereby rotational movement of said rock shaft effects vertical movementof said header, a control arm attached at one end to said rock shaft,power means operatively connected to the other end of said `control armfor effecting the rotation of said rock shaft, and means for lockingsaid header in a selected position, said locking means including a tierod which extends from a point adjacent said rock shaft to a pointremote therefrom, means for connecting one end of said tie rod to saidcontrol arm, said connecting means including means for yieldinglyresisting axial movement of said tie rod away from said control arm andmeans for limiting axial movement of said tie rod toward said controlarm, and means for releasably engaging the other end of said tie rod tosaid frame, said engaging means including a locking cam and a seatblock, means for attaching said cam and said block to said frame, andmeans operable to move said cam whereby said tie rod is engaged betweensaid cam and said seat block.

4. In apparatus of the class described which is adapted to be movedabout a eld, a main frame, a crop gathering header extendingtransversely of the line of movement of said apparatus, means forhingedly supporting said header on said main frame for movement in agenerally vertical direction, power operated means for moving saidheader relative to said frame, said means including a rock shaftjournalled on said main frame, said rock shaft extending generallytransversely of the line of movement of said apparatus, a

header supporting arm which is connected at one end to said rock shaft,and link means connecting the other end of said header supporting arm tosaid header, a control arm attached at one end to said rock shaft, powermeans operatively connected to the other end of said control arm forrotating said rock shaft, and means for locking said header in aselected position, said locking means including a tie rod which extendsfrom a point adjacent said rock shaft to a point remote therefrom, meansfor connecting one end of said tie rod to said contr-ol arm toyieldingly resist downward movement of said header, and means forreleasably engaging the other end of said tie rod to said frame, saidengaging means including a locking cam, a seat block, means forattaching said cam and said block to said frame, said seat block beingsupported for pivotal movement about an axis which is transverselydisposed relative to the axis of said tie rod, and means operable tomove said cam whereby said tie rod is engaged between said cam and saidseat block.

5. In apparatus :of the class described, a main frame having a forwardlyextending portion which forms a drawbar, a crop gathering header 8hingedly supported on said'main frame for movement in a generallyvertical direction, power operated means for moving said header relativeto said frame, said means including a transversely disposed rock shaftjournalled on said main frame, means operatively connecting said rockshaft and said header whereby rotational movement of said rock shafteffects vertical movement of said header, a control arm attached at oneend to said rock shaft, power means operatively connected to the otherend of said control arm for effecting the rotation of said rock shaft,and means for locking said header in a selected position, said lockingmeans including a tie rod which extends from a point adjacent said rockshaft to a point at the forward end of the drawbar portion of said mainframe, means for connecting one end of said tie rod to said control arm,said connecting means including means for yieldingly resisting .axialmovement of said tie rod away from said control arm and means forlimiting axial movement of said -tie rod toward said control arm, andmeans for releasably engaging the other end of said tie rod to saiddrawbar portion, said engaging means including a locking cam and a seatblock, means for attaching said cam and said block to said drawbarportiony and a locking lever which is attached to said cam and whichextends forwardly to a position over the forward end of said drawbarportion, movement of said locking lever operating to move said camwhereby said tie rod is engaged between said cam and said seat block.

6. In apparatus of the class described which is adapted to be drawnthrough a field, a main frame having a forwardly extending portion whichforms a drawbar, a crop gathering header extending transversely of theline of draft of said apparatus and being hingedly supported on saidmain frame for movement in a generally vertical direction, poweryoperated means for moving said header reltaive to said frame, saidmeans including a transversely extending rock shaft journalled forrotation on said main frame, a header supporting arm which is connectedat one end to said rock shaft for rota-tion therewith, and link meansconnecting the other end of said header supporting arm to said header, acontrol arm attached at one end to said rock shaft for rotationtherewith, power means operatively connected to the other end of saidcontrol arm for effecting the rotation of said rock shaft, and means forlocking said header in a selected position, said locking means includinga tie rod which extends from a point adjacent said rock shaft forwardlyalong said drawbar portion of said main frame, resilient means forconnecting one end of said tie rod to said control arm to yieldinglyresist downward movement of said header during operation, and means forreleasably engaging the other end of said tie rod to said frame, saidengaging means including a locking cam and a seat block, means f-orattaching said cam and said block to said frame, said seat block beingsupported for pivotal movement about an axis which is transverselydisposed relative to the axis of said tie rod, and a locking lever whichis attached to said cam and which extends forwardly to .a position overthe forward end of said drawbar portion, movement of said locking leveropera-ting to move said cam whereby said tie rod is engaged between saidcam and said seat block.

'7. In apparatus of the class described, a main frame, a crop gatheringheader, means for hingedly supporting said header on said main frame formovement of said header' in a generally Vertical direction, means formoving said header relative to said main frame, said means including arock shaft rotatably journalled on said main frame, said rock shaftbeing generally parallel `to the axis of said hinged header supportmeans, power means for effecting rotation of said rock shaft, said rockshaft being operatively connected to said header to raise or lower saidheader as said rock shaft is rotated, and additional means forconnecting said rock shaft with said frame including a resilient elementpermitting limited movement of said rock shaft and including lockingmeans which are automatically releasable in response to rotation of saidrock shaft in one direction in excess of the amount of movementpermitted by said resilient element.

8. In apparatus of the class described, a main frame, a crop gatheringheader hingedly supported on said main frame for movement in a generallyvertical direction, power operated means for moving said header relativeto said frame including a rock shaft which is disposed parallel to theaxis of the hinged connection between said header .and said frame andwhich is journalled for rotation on said frame, a header supporting arm,means connecting one end of said supporting arm to said rock shaft andthe other end to said header, a control arm attached at one end to saidrock shaft, and power means operatively connected to the other end ofsaid control arm for eiecting the rotation of said rock shaft andcorresponding movement of said header, and additional means connectingsaid rock shaft with said frame, independently of said power operatedmeans, for holding said header in any selected position, said additionalmeans including a spring permitting limited movement of said headerrelative to the selected position and including locking means which .areautomatically releasable in response to movement of said header in onedirection in excess of that permitted by said spring.

9. In apparatus of the class described, a main frame, a, crop gatheringheader, means for hingedly supporting said header on said main frame,power operated means for moving said header about the axis of saidhinged support means to thereby raise and lower said header relative tothe ground, and additional means connecting said header with said framefor holding said header in any selected position and including aresilient means permitting limited oscillating vertical movement cf saidheader relative to the selected position, the amount of movement beingadjustably determined by said resilient means,

and including locking members automatically releasable in response toupward movement of said header in excess of the amount permitted by saidresilient means, said locking members being automatically reset to fixsaid header against movement relative to said frame at the uppermostpoint of upward movement of said header.

10. In apparatus of the class described., a main frame, a crop gatheringheader, means for hingedly supporting said header on said main frame,power operated means for moving said header about the axis of saidhinged support means to thereby raise and lower said header relative tothe ground, and means for holding said header in a selected positioncomprising a, tie rod, a releasable locking means connecting one portionof said tie rod with said frame, and a spring connecting another portionof said tie rod with said header and permitting limited verticalmovement of said header, in opposite directions, relative to theselected position, said locking means being responsive to upwardmovement of said header in excess of that permitted by said spring torelease the engagement with said rod and permit continued upwardmovement of said header, said locking means automatically .re-engagingsaid tie rod when the header reaches its uppermost position.

l1. In apparatus of the class described, a main frame, a crop gatheringheader, means for hingedly supporting said header on said main frame,power operated means for moving said header about the axis of saidhinged support means to thereby raise and lower said header relative tothe ground, and means for holding said header in a selected positioncomprising a tie rod. a releasable locking means engaging said tie rodwith said frame and including a locking cam located on said frame, meansoperable to move said cam into engagement with said tie rod, and a:resilient element yconnecting said tie rod with said header andpermitting limited oscillatory vertical movement of said header, saidcam being proportioned and -arranged to loosen its engagement with saidtie rod in response to upward movement of said header beyond thatpermitted by said :resilient means and to wedge against said tie rod asthe header tends to move downwardly thereby locking said header in theraised position.

NORMAN R. KRAUSE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,319,458 Hornish May 18, 19432,325,870 Mott Aug. 3, 1943 2,366,587 Armington Jan. 2, 1945 2,452,153Ronning et al Oct. 26, 1948

